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analogy and how to write analogy



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analogy and its usage



An analogy is a metaphor or simile extended through one or more paragraphs to explain a difficult idea or to persuade a reader that because two things are alike, a conclusion drawn from one suggests a similar conclusion fro the other. We can also consider that an analogy is in the form "a is to b as c is to d". In other words the relationship of a to b is analogous or similar to that of c to d. Let's have a look at the following examples:

1. A cap is to a bottle as a lid is to a jar.

2. Dark is to light as laugh is to cry.

Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, decision making, perception, memory, creativity, emotion, explanation and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition". Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them.

Analogy is important not only in ordinary language and common sense (where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application) but also in science, philosophy and the humanities. The concepts of association, comparison, correspondence, mathematical and morphological homology, homomorphism, iconicity, isomorphism, metaphor, resemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy.


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